Symptoms and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Essay -- Biology

Manifestations and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Dynamic Meningitis and Encephalitis indications are practically indistinguishable from those of influenza or normal virus. Most indications are exceedingly unobtrusive, and prompt finding is urgent, on the grounds that meningitis and encephalitis can turn out to be dangerous surprisingly fast. There are a wide range of types of conclusion, each similarly significant. Separating among bacterial and viral types of the infection is significant in light of the fact that treatment and seriousness contrasts. Meningitis is progressively common in the old, the exceptionally youthful, and those with insusceptible lack infections. After his first outing to Africa, Brad Pitt caught a mellow instance of viral meningitis. Fortunately, Brad was analyzed and rewarded in time by the best specialists in Los Angeles. In any case, the meningitis could have turned dangerous had the star not looked for sure fire clinical consideration. Meningitis can turn fatal surprisingly fast, yet scarcely any individuals perceive the side effects. Generally meningitis side effects are practically identical tom the normal virus. There are signs, however, and precise finding strategies to guarantee full and solid lives for everybody. Meningitis is a possibly savage ailment with for the most part normal manifestations. It very well may be either a viral or bacterial contamination of a person?s spinal liquid. It additionally influences the liquid encompassing the mind. Meningitis for the most part began with either a viral or bacterial contamination for the most part of the respiratory tract. Meningitis is substantially more typical in the youthful, old, and individuals with insusceptible frameworks that have been influenced by a STD, for example, HIV/AIDS. Indications in babies are frequently amazingly hard to identify as they can't voice their complaints Meningitis side effects in babies are practically difficult to obviously sepa... ...Control And Prevention. 12 Oct. 2005. 31 July 2006 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/DBMD/diseaseinfo/meningococcal_g.htm. Contaminations Meningitis. Kids Health For Parents. Ed. Elena Pearl Ben-Joseph, MD and Neil Izenberg, MD. Blemish. 2004. Nemours Foundation. 31 July 2006 http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/contaminations/lung/meningitis.html Meningitis. Wikipedia. 31 July 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Meningitis. Meningitis. Ed. Mary L. Gavin, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Nov. 2004. Children Health. 1 Aug. 2006 meningitis.html>. Encephalitis. Ed. Barbara P Homeier, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Jan. 2005. Children Wellbeing. 1 Aug. 2006 bacterial_viral/encephalitis.html>. Encephalitis. Wikipedia. 30 July 2006. 1 Aug. 2006 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis>. Side effects and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Essay - Biology Side effects and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Theoretical Meningitis and Encephalitis indications are practically indistinguishable from those of this season's flu virus or normal virus. Most side effects are exceedingly inconspicuous, and quick finding is essential, since meningitis and encephalitis can turn out to be fatal very quickly. There are a wide range of types of conclusion, each similarly significant. Separating among bacterial and viral types of the ailment is significant on the grounds that treatment and seriousness varies. Meningitis is increasingly common in the older, the youthful, and those with resistant inadequacy infections. After his first outing to Africa, Brad Pitt caught a gentle instance of viral meningitis. Fortunately, Brad was analyzed and rewarded in time by the best specialists in Los Angeles. In any case, the meningitis could have turned dangerous had the star not looked for sure fire clinical consideration. Meningitis can turn destructive very quickly, however not many individuals perceive the side effects. For the most part meningitis side effects are tantamount tom the normal virus. There are signs, however, and precise determination methods to guarantee full and solid lives for everybody. Meningitis is a possibly fatal malady with by and large regular indications. It very well may be either a viral or bacterial disease of a person?s spinal liquid. It likewise influences the liquid encompassing the cerebrum. Meningitis as a rule began with either a viral or bacterial disease by and large of the respiratory tract. Meningitis is substantially more typical in the youthful, old, and individuals with resistant frameworks that have been influenced by a STD, for example, HIV/AIDS. Side effects in babies are regularly amazingly hard to identify as they can't voice their complaints Meningitis indications in babies are practically difficult to obviously sepa... ...Control And Prevention. 12 Oct. 2005. 31 July 2006 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/DBMD/diseaseinfo/meningococcal_g.htm. Diseases Meningitis. Kids Health For Parents. Ed. Elena Pearl Ben-Joseph, MD and Neil Izenberg, MD. Blemish. 2004. Nemours Foundation. 31 July 2006 http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/contaminations/lung/meningitis.html Meningitis. Wikipedia. 31 July 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Meningitis. Meningitis. Ed. Mary L. Gavin, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Nov. 2004. Children Health. 1 Aug. 2006 meningitis.html>. Encephalitis. Ed. Barbara P Homeier, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Jan. 2005. Children Wellbeing. 1 Aug. 2006 bacterial_viral/encephalitis.html>. Encephalitis. Wikipedia. 30 July 2006. 1 Aug. 2006 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis>.

Early childhood educators Essay

Scholar What commitment to the field of ECE did this scholar make? When and Where? Distinguish recorded issues and current patterns in the youth care calling. Offer a case of how the scholars work is utilized today. Rousseau was the writer of few training books; he suggested that youngsters be taught in good, agreeable situations liberated from grown-up strength (Follari, 2011). Rousseau was powerful in both Europe and America in the mid to late 1700’s. Rousseau underlined out of the self-teaching and saw youngsters as naturally great. Rousseau decreased the significance of learning by perusing and underlined learning by understanding. A case of his work is considered today to be youngsters learn through play. Pestalozzi Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi distributed a book in 1801 that helped impact the advancement of seeing his speculations put energetically. The â€Å"Pestalozzi method† was tried in 1805 at his school in Yverdon (Johann, n. d. ) Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was an instruction reformer who was exceptionally energetic about getting training to poor youngsters and encouraging strategies intended to reinforce the understudies own capacities. He needed youngsters to be educated all in all ( Follari, 2011). A case of Pestalozzi’s work can be seen through field trips, riddles, squares, and physical exercise. Froebel made Kindergarten spread quickly through Europe and in the long run to the U. S. He made what is known as Froebel endowments. He structured balls, wooden square, tiles, sticks, and rings to exhibit that kids could learn while at play (Follari, 2011). Froebel based his convictions in showing youngsters on logic. He figured kids could pick up information by sensibly considering ideas from a given reason. He began by giving his blessings and having the youngsters work through them (Follari, 2011). A case of Froebel’s work can been seen through Kindergarten (Follari, 2011). Peabody Elizabeth Peabody opened the principal English talking kindergarten in Boston, MA in 1859(Follari, 2011). She additionally made the American Froebel Society to give a few guidelines and creativity of kindergarten programs. (Follari, 2011). Elizabeth Peabody was against the hands-on objects strategy for guidance. She loved individualized guidance. She thought kids required cautious heading to grow appropriately (Follari, 2011). A case of her work is the acknowledgment of kindergarten as an acknowledged foundation in U. S. training (Today, n. d. ). Piaget During the 1970’s and 1980’s, Piagets speculations roused the change of European and American instruction (Follari, 2011). Piaget thought learning happens because of experience, both physical and sensible. He figured information couldn't really be shaped until the student has developed to the psychological status that the learning is indicated to. He accepted that youngsters made good decisions dependent on their own perceptions of the world (Follari, 2011). Piaget’s hypotheses were utilized in the creating of the Dynabook programming framework (Jean, n. d. ) Vygotsky. Lev Vygotsky proposed a hypothesis of the improvement of higher subjective capacities in youngsters that considered the to be of the thinking as rising through down to earth action in a social situation. The greater part of his work was impact in Eastern Europe in the 1920’s and later on in America (Lev, 2013) Vygotsky accepted that kids sorted out their deduction by private discourse. His hypothesis proposes that kids have formative furies which the youngster can be helped with working at more elevated levels than are conceivable alone (Follari, 2011). A case of his work would framework (Follari, 2011). Gesell. Dewey John Dewey’s training reasoning sent the dynamic instruction development, and brought forth the advancement of experiential instruction projects and investigations (Follari, 2011). John Dewey accepted that instruction ought to be founded on children’s interests and ought to include them in dynamic encounters. He figured a functioning educational plan ought to be coordinated instead of isolated into topic segments(Follari, 2011). Critical thinking exercises. References Follari, L. M. (2011). Establishments and Best Practices in Early Childhood Education: History, Theories and Approaches to Learning (second ed., pp. 24-47). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Jean Piaget. (n. d. ). Jean Piaget. Recovered from http://www. nndb. com/individuals/359/000094077/Lev Vygotsky. (2013, November 17). Wikipedia. Recovered from http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: Pedagogy, training and social equity. (n. d. ). Infedorg. Recovered from http://infed. organization/mobi/johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-instructional method training and-social-equity/Today ever. (n. d. ). : May 16. Recovered from http://memory. loc. gov/ammem/today/may16. html.

B and Multivariate Testing [SIMPLE GUIDE]

A/B and Multivariate Testing [SIMPLE GUIDE] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!A/B and Multivariate Testing [SIMPLE GUIDE]Updated On 09/01/2016Author : Rebecca JonesTopic : Featured InternetShort URL : http://hbb.me/1szuMLr CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe migration of traditional commerce onto the Internet is accelerating. In 2010, e-commerce sales increased by 14.8 percent, according to the United States Department of Commerce. E-commerce is a growing field, marked by technological innovations. The ability to sell online is revolutionizing sectors of the retail industry. Companies like BestBuy, Target and Kohls are now risking losing market share to online retail giant Amazon.com. The data from the Commerce Department also showed that e-commerce sales rose faster than traditional retail sales for 2010. Clearly, e-commerce is on an upward trend.Websites and businesses that wish to ride the e-commerce wave must improve their approach. Much l ike a physical store, a website is designed to convert visitors into customers. E-commerce relies upon the strategies and techniques of Internet marketing to improve the rate at which visitors converted into customers. The conversion rate, as this is known, is the most critical statistic for a website to track. The conversion rate can spell the difference between success and failure. Even if a websites traffic volume is not very significant, a high conversion rate can turn this low volume into large profits.Websites improve their conversion rates by testing different aspects of their pages. Business owners can avail themselves of two different forms of testing: A/B and multivariate. A/B testing takes one page element at a time and uses two different versions to see whether visitors like one or the other. Multivariate testing does the same thing but with multiple page elements simultaneously. The different page elements include images, content, titles and purchase buttons. The placem ent, size and variation of the images can all be tested, as can the placement, font, and combination of the content with different images or titles.A/B TestingA/B testing can be implemented in two ways. The website owner can either change the element of the page as it is loading or redirect it to another page. The former method is good for testing a single element while the latter works best when changing an entire layout. It is critical to select a metric that will define success. This metric depends on what the goal is: Making a purchase, signing up for a newsletter or joining an email list. Measuring how many visitors achieve one of these goals will give the business owner a measure of the success of his website. It is important to not let emotions override the results of the test, which can be surprising or counterintuitive. A/B testing is usually the starting point for testing and is more suitable for smaller sites and blogs as it can be carried out with less traffic than multi variate testing.READSee How Popular Sites Looked When They LaunchedMultivariate TestingUnlike A/B testing, a multivariate test allows an owner to create multiple versions of the same elements. Each version is shown to a different random set of visitors and the results are measured. With multivariate testing, it is critical not to take on too many challenges at once. Focusing on a few sets of elements at a time can prevent a lot of headaches later on. Every test to be run must have a defined goal in order to be successful. Otherwise, a mass of useless data will be generated that tells the website owner nothing. With multivariate testing, it is critical not to take on too many challenges at once and the more powerful the multivariate data analysis software the better.Advantages And MethodsBusiness owners can take advantage of websites that assist in the testing process like Google Website Optimizer (they have some great videos and tutorials on how to get started)which is free to use a nd Visual Website Optimizer. Online businesses can gain a huge advantage over their competitors by using A/B and multivariate testing. The e-commerce revolution will continue as these testing methods become more widespread.

My Clinical Placement For The University Hospital s...

My clinical placement for the fall 2016 is in the UW Health East Clinic’s Internal Medicine, which is located in 5249 E. Terrace Drive, Madison, WI. The UW East Clinic operates under the healthcare entities of the UW Medical Foundation. The purpose of this paper is to explore practice setting of the internal medicine and role of my preceptor. Practice Setting The Internal Medicine providers offer comprehensive diagnostic and primary care services to general population. The providers are involved in treating complex medical problems, the diagnosis and treatment of both acute and chronic illnesses, gynecological care, urgent care, and minor surgery. The staff members, demographics of patient population, payers system, and practice policies of the Internal Medicine is discussed below: Staff Members The team of the Internal medicine is composed of both physicians and non-physician health professionals such as nurse practitioners (NPs). The other team members include clinic manager, registered nurses, medical assistants, and schedulers. The physician are the primary care provider of the patient, while the nurse practitioners are the part of the care team. The registered nurses (RNs) worked as a triage nurse in the triage call center. The triage RNs are involved in triaging phone calls and scheduling appointment for treatment accordingly, patient education such as wound care and diabetes care, communication for medication refills through MyChart, and patient follow-up forShow MoreRelatedMy Life After High School1896 Words   |  8 Pageshours and job placement. The next phase involved conducting an interview or job shadow with someone who has a career in the field. I conducted an interview with Dr.Barrett at Clarion Hospital. This interview provided me with insight on what I nee d to do to successfully obtain a career as an anesthesiologist. The last research phase was education. 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Art a Play by Yasmina Reza

Marc, Serge, and Yvan are friends. They are three middle-aged men of comfortable means who have stayed friends with each other for fifteen years. Since men of their age often lack opportunities to meet new people and sustain new friendships, their courtesy towards and their tolerance for one another’s quirks and affinities have been worn raw. At the opening of the play, Serge is smitten with his acquisition of a new painting. It is a modern art piece (white on white) for which he paid two hundred thousand dollars. Marc can’t believe that his friend bought a white on white painting for such an extravagant amount of money. Marc could not care less about modern art. He believes that people ought to have a few more standards when it comes to determining what is good â€Å"art† and therefore worthy of two grand. Yvan gets caught in the middle of Marc and Serge’s arguments. He does not find the painting or the fact that Serge spent so much to acquire it as offensive as Marc does, but he doesn’t adore the piece as much as Serge does. Yvan has his own real-life problems. He is planning a wedding with a fiancà © turned â€Å"bridezilla† and a host of selfish and unreasonable relatives. Yvan tries to turn towards his friends for support only to be ridiculed by both Marc and Serge for not having a strong opinion in their war over the white on white painting. The play culminates in a confrontation among the three strong personalities. They throw every personal choice that the others disagree with and look down on into each other’s faces. A piece of art, a visual and external representation of inner values and beauty, causes Marc, Yvan, and Serge to question themselves and their relationships to the core.  Ã‚   At his wit’s end, Serge hands Marc a felt tip pen and dares him to draw over his white on white, two hundred thousand dollars, adored, a piece of art. How far will Marc go to prove that he truly doesn’t believe that this painting is actually art? Production Details Setting: The main rooms of three different flats. Only a change in the painting above the mantle determines whether the flat belongs to Marc, Yvan, or Serge.Time: The presentCast Size: This play can accommodate 3 male actors. Roles Marc: Marc is a strongly opinionated man when it comes to what he values and an extremely condescending one towards what he does not value at all. Other people’s feelings do not factor into his decisions or filter the manner in which he talks to them and about them. Only his girlfriend and her homeopathic remedies for stress seem to have any sway over his strong and acerbic personality. On his wall above his mantel hangs a figurative painting that is described as â€Å"pseudo-Flemish† of a view of Carcassonne.Serge: Serge, according to Marc, has recently taken a dive into the world of Modern Art and has fallen head over heels with a newfound respect for it. Modern Art speaks to something within him that makes sense and which he finds beautiful. Serge has recently gone through a divorce and has a dim view of marriage and anyone searching to make a commitment to another person. His rules for life, friendship, and art went out the window with his marriage and now he has fo und peace in the realm of Modern Art where the old rules are thrown out and acceptance and instinct govern what is valuable.Yvan: Yvan is less high strung than his two friends about art, but he has his own issues in life and love that make him just as neurotic as Marc and Serge are. He begins the play stressed about his upcoming wedding and looking for a little support. He finds none. Although the physical production of art on canvas means less to him than it does to the others, he is more in tune with the psychological responses and reasonings behind such responses than either Marc or Serge are. That aspect of his personality is what thrusts him into being the middleman in this fight between friends and why he gets belittled by both of them. He actually cares more about their feelings and well-being than they do for him or each other. The painting above the mantel in his flat is described as â€Å"some daub.† The audience finds out later Yvan’s is the artist. Technical Requirements Art is light on technical requirements for production. Production notes specify the need for only a single set of a man’s flat, â€Å"as stripped down and neutral as possible.† The only object that should change between scenes is the painting. Serge’s flat has the white on white canvas, Marc’s has the view of Carcassonne, and for Yvan, the painting is the â€Å"daub.† Occasionally the actors deliver asides to the audience. Marc, Serge, or Yvan take turns stepping out of the action and addressing the audience directly. Lighting changes during these asides will help the audience understand the break in the action. No costume changes are needed and there are few props required for this production. The playwright wants the audience to focus on the art, the friendships, and the questions the play brings up. Production History Art was written in French for a French audience by playwright Yasmina Reza. It has been translated many times and produced in many countries since its debut in 1996. Art was performed ​on Broadway at the Royale Theater in 1998 for a run of 600 shows. It starred ​Alan Alda as Marc, ​Victor Garber as Serge, and Alfred Molina as Yvan. Content Issues: Language Dramatists Play Service holds the production rights for Art (translated by Christopher Hampton). Inquiries for producing the play may be made through the website.

Gazing into the Abyss in Lord of the Flies by William Golding

Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"If you gaze long enough into an abyss, the abyss will gaze back into you†. Lord of the Flies is a novel by William Golding written in 1954, centering on a group of boys stuck on an island who unsuccessfully attempt to govern themselves. They struggle against fear of outside forces as well as themselves, and the reader observes as they lose their innocence and slowly decline from civility in all its forms. In his novel, Lord of the Flies, William S. Golding portrays the theme that society can be corrupted because individuals are naturally corrupt through his use of the symbols of the beast, Piggy’s glasses, and the fire. William S. Golding uses the symbol of the beast to convey how individuals can be corrupted because fear and hate make people selfish and savage. In chapter 9, Simon discovers that the so-called beast is actually a dead parachuter. He goes to Castle Rock to inform the rest of the boys, who are having a feast off the pig Jack killed. The author states, â€Å"The beast struggled forward and fell over the steep edge of the rock. At once the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt onto the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws† (153). From this quotation we can see that the boys, in their blind rage, confused Simon for the beast and killed him. Fear and hate have a close relationship because they feed off each other. Often times the hater fears, and the

Class Observation free essay sample

I choose to observe a primary 5 class in NT District. The lesson that aims to improve the confidence level of the students is made up of students who are weak in English. There are 30 students in the class, 17 boys and 13 girls. The gender ratio reduces biasness and made the class an ideal class to study. In the following paragraphs, I will explain how the class was conducted and the teaching methodologies of the teacher. Procedure 1. Pre-observation meeting Before the lesson, I had a meeting with the teacher. We first discussed the contents and objectives of the lesson. The lesson is a speaking class which aims to build students confidence in speaking. While improving students speaking ability is important, it is only secondary in this lesson. Next, we discussed about the activity that the students would do during the class to achieve the objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Observation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The activity was a game named ‘on board which would use in the lesson to achieve the objectives. I understand that she uses the PPP model in this lesson. The teacher would play the role of a manager, an organizer and a tutor. She mentioned that this is atypical of her routine teaching which she focuses mainly on the grammar teaching. Furthermore, a writing course is not part of the lesson plan according to the course designed by the English panel. 2. Observations The classroom has an adequate setting. It is sufficiently lighted, spacious and well furnished. There is a big blackboard in the front of classroom and the room is equipped with latest audio video technology. It has good movie projector with a laser pointer. Computer with the internet connection is another feature of the room. Instructors can use them for effective teaching. There were 30 students in the classroom. Some of them sat at the front, while the others sat near the end of the hall. They were well dispersed and worked independently. 2. 1 Recall section The class lasted about 35 minutes; it started at 11. 15 am and ended at 11. 50 am. There were two observers in the class, namely the colleagues of the teacher and me. Before the observers came into the class, the teacher announced that the class was ready to begin and instructed students to settle down. Two minutes after, students became quiet and greeted their teacher formally. The teacher shortly introduced the observers to them and asked them to give a warm welcome: we received three rhythmic claps after the teacher signal hands ready to students. First of all, the teacher did the session to help students to recall the phases they learnt previously by showing them some flash cards and invited students to the stage to read it. There were 7 cards in total, which were ‘a bottle of blackcurrant   juice, ‘ a pattern of waffle†, â€Å"a bottle of soya bean milk†,† a cup of yogurt† ,†a loaf of bread†, â€Å"a bar of chocolate†Ã‚   and â€Å"a cup of coffee†. A girl called Mary came to the front of the classroom and pointed at two objects in the flash cards by speaking loudly. After she finished it, teacher praised her instantly and appointed a boy named Mark to draw a happy face on the blackboard below the name of the girl. Following by other students came to the front; they finished recalling all flash cards. When some children were stuck on some words like blackcurrant, the teacher provided help quickly by whispering. After recalling phases, the teacher started to use the projector to show students some sentences which expanded these phrases to a sentence, such as† I want a bar of chocolate†, â€Å"this is a loaf of bread†,† my brother is having a cup of yogurt† ect. She invited students to speak in front of class again. However, there were lots of commotions from the students that were not on the stage. When the teacher thought that the class was out of control, she used the order hands up to again bring order to the class. The recalling section lasted about 15 minutes. 2. 2 Game section The game ‘on board took place around 11. 0 am. The teacher grouped students into two large groups by an equal proportion, the left part and the right part, and then appointed Mark to keep record of the scores. She explained the rules explicitly that every group would send a student to the stage; he or she could choose a flash card which picture side faced to other classmates t hen made a sentence. The mark varied from one to three based on their performance. One mark was given to student who can only point out the object. The student would be awarded two marks if he could make a sentence with the phrase or read the phrase out very loudly. Finally, the students would be awarded three points if the student was able to make a sentence with the phrase and read the phrase out very loudly. However, the teacher did not shut down the computer after introducing the rules and the students could still view the sentence patterns on the screen. Although the medium of the communication for the class was English, the teacher used Cantonese several times in order to discipline the students. Students were highly motivated at the beginning of the game; many of them volunteered to go first. However, the teacher chose students based on their seating location and every child had an equal opportunity of playing the game. The performance of students varied with their English proficiency. Some of them had difficulty in recognizing words like â€Å"waffle† and â€Å"blackcurrant†; and some of them failed to articulate clearly which was due to their unfamiliarity of sentence pattern. These students seemed to pay no attention to the sentence pattern on the big screen. Many students willingly provided help when they saw their fellow classmates met difficulty on the stage while others chatted with their friends around them. As the game progressed, the class got more rowdy. Finally, the teacher used the code hands ready again to maintain order. Criteria for scoring changed with time. Initially, the scoring was difficult but the teacher relaxed the rules. Many of students could get 3 marks by turning back to read the sentence on the screen. The teacher began to forbid students looking back when they were standing on the stage. In addition, a number of grammar mistakes like my brother like drink blackcurrant juice were not corrected instantly by teacher. Some students lost their interest in the game. For example, a shy boy near the back of classroom was eager to join the game at the beginning but since his neighbors did not pay attention to his signal of communication, he began to play his textbook by tearing down a few small pieces of pages. In contrast, several more positive students could not wait to show off themselves by speaking loudly, one of them even came to the front of class to correct the mistakes made by the child on the stage. The class was chaotic again and the teacher had to use the order code hands up for commanding student to obey the principle of classroom. She warned the student who came to the front by commanding the Mark draw an unhappy face on the right side of black board. At the very last 5 minutes, the teacher accounted the scores of each group and announced the winner following by a short conclusion of this speaking lesson. 3. Post- observation Few days after the observation, I had a short conversation with the teacher. When I asked about her general feeling of the class, she thought that one activity for the lesson was too dull but she was happy for the progress made. A girl who used to be quite inactive in class commented that the English class was very interesting. The teacher was most satisfied with the encouragement she gave to students, but she was unhappy with only having one activity in the class. She believed that the strength of her teaching was the sufficient interaction with students. Reflections 1. The learner 1. 1 Attending to the learner Teachers attending behavior is important to achieve a successful humanistic learning environment for our students. It has been said that one cannot teach a language the best one can do is to make the conditions right for learners to learn. Part of these ‘right conditions involves how the teacher relates to-or attends to-the learners. For this reason, I paid attention to observe the teachers attending behavior towards the learners: the way the teacher acknowledged, through verbal or non-verbal means, the presence, contribution, and needs of individual learners. In this case, the obvious attending strategies used by teacher were the use of students names and abundant eye contact with her students. The gender of student was not relevant to the distribution of teacher attention in here whereas the seat arrangement lent itself to a particular spread of teacher attention. The students sat at the back of the classroom did not get the equal attention compared with the students in front and the middle. What I learned from her attending strategies is that we should try to give equal amount of attention to students. 1. 2 Learner motivation Learner motivation whatever it is the instrumental motivation or integrative motivation, its level (high or low) has an impact on expected learner roles. Highly motivated learners are more likely to synchronise their roles willingly with the teachers role and are more likely to co-operate with the teacher in the various processes involved in classroom learning. Those children who raised their hands for coming to the stage are good evidence. They willingly responded to teachers questions and passionately involved into the activity. 1. 3 Learner level One objective of this observation is to check whether the teacher accommodates her teaching to the different learning levels of students. A teacher should read the indicators of challenge in order to assess whether the level of difficulty is indeed appropriate. If all students can do an activity easily and accurately then it is probably below the appropriate level of difficulty for this class. Though this class is a weak class in the school, the level of students is not homogenous. The teacher was alerted to the indicators of challenge, which reflected on some aspects that non-comprehension in facial expression, student waiting time before response and first respondent does not offer the correct answer. When students consistently did not quickly and accurately point out the objects or make sentences, she lowered the standard in order to avoid potential frustration of weaker students. 2. Language 2. 1 The teachers meta-language The term ‘meta-language in here means the language a teacher uses to allow the various classroom processes to happen, that is, the language of organizing the classroom. The language use here should be genuinely contextualized, purposeful, communicative and potentially rich in input. For example, according to students language ability, she avoided using the type of questions that would involve complex response but using yes/no questions like ‘here is a picture of a bottle of blackcurrant juice. Have you seen it before? and display questions like ‘what is it in the picture? Or what is the sentence on the first raw? Her language use fulfilled the cognitive and linguistics demands made on the learners. 2. 2 The language of feedback to error Most teachers are aware of feedback in terms of its motivational value: the value of positive feedback and the dis-incentive that negative reinforcement can produce. In this speaking class, the teacher believed that she should not interrupt students in mid-flow to point out a grammatical, lexical or pronunciation error, since to do so would interrupt the communication and drag an activity back to the study of language form or precise meaning. Thus, a number of expressions like ‘my brother like a bar of chocolate and ‘ there a bottle of yogurt were accepted by teacher till it were made too many times then she corrected it. I think students benefit more from less intervention in communicative task. However, the timing of teacher interventions should be concerned with the error types and the aim of lesson. 3. Educational climate for learning Few would now doubt that people learn best when they are relaxed, comfortable, unstressed, interested and involved in what is going on, and motivated to continue. This class impressed me deeply by its anticipative classroom atmosphere. The teacher always used positive reinforcement like smiled, nods, called by name to encourage students even when a child violated the principle of class for attempting to replace his weaker fellow, she did not penalize him. I could see most of children did enjoy this class by their facial expression. 4. Teaching Skills and Strategies 4. 1 Presenting The skill of presenting is important in the repertoire of a language teacher, as learners often look to the teacher to perform this role. As a trainee teacher, two key components of a presentation seem more important to me: The teachers voice and the physical position of the teacher in the classroom. The former one composes a number of qualities which are audibility, projection, speed, clarity and lack of distortion. During the observation, I noticed the speed of teachers speech was moderate and her articulation was clear which did not confuse her students. In addition, she stayed on the stage for the whole lesson, but I think that she could go to middle or back of classroom instead. 5. ClassroomManagement 5. 1 Managing group work Group work requires different teacher skills to transit between different interactive patterns smoothly and efficiently in teacher-led activities. The teacher chose to separate children into two groups which created groups of mixed levels but each group had too many members and no leaders were ppointed to help teacher to manage their group members. Consequently, she had to use the principle code ‘hands ready or ‘are you ready many times. In my opinion, the teacher could group students into four groups and appoint some group leaders to assist her in monitoring other students. 5. 2 Teaching and learning roles An important aspect of effective teaching is the fa cility with which a teacher can move in and out of these various roles and enable learners to do likewise. The flexibility itself depends on the teachers understanding of the purposes of different stages of a lesson and a clear sense of what the various corresponding roles of teachers and learners are. The teacher adapted a focused instructional cycle which was the Presentation-Practice-Production style of lesson. In here, wherever in the lesson the production phase occurred (e. g. children made a sentence), the relative and interconnected roles of teacher and learners remained as facilitator to producer or guide to communicator (e. g. he teacher gave tips for helping weak students). I also think the order of the three ‘Ps can vary sometimes, for example, in order to establish with clarity areas of need and motivation, the production stage may come before the presentation. 5. 3 Timing and pace The fact that teaching is itself a contrivance, an event that is structured and planned, means that it is a process affected by the parameters and constraints of time. It is very difficult for trainee teachers to predict the length of the activity. The teacher of this observation set a good example for me to follow. She handled with timing and pace well by considering a number of factors, like the age of the learners, the difficulty of task, and the level of her students. 6. Materials and Resources The materials use depends on goals, input, activity, roles and setting that the lesson wishes to achieve. The teacher did not prepare any handouts to students in this speaking class but using the flash cards and projector as instructional materials. The materials contained extrinsic value for the affective side of those kids who can use it in their daily life. 7. Lesson Planning The planning of teaching can be seen as a series of decisions made by a teacher about various elements of a lesson- learners, materials, tasks, etc. the nature of different lesson is various: a lesson devoted to role-play will be different from a writing lesson or one devoted to an analysis of grammar. Based on the observation, I can see that the teaching plan had set up activity that promoted communication, realistically contextualized language, motivated a certain number of students and checked the comprehension, but just as the teacher mentioned in the post-meeting, she did not plan enough activities. Besides that, she did not intend to incorporate speaking as a component into her future classroom teaching, which means that students confidence in spoken English would not be improved. Thus, the inconsistency of lesson planning was the weakness of her teaching. Conclusion Being an observer in the classroom, rather than the teacher, gave me the freedom to look at the lesson from a range of different perspective. For the trainee teacher like me, this freedom is particularly important, it helps teachers gain a better understanding of teaching theories were used in actual lesson. From this observation exercise, I appreciated how the teacher values interaction with her students through game, however her lesson plan is not comprehensive and do not take speaking into her future teachings. I wish that I am able to improve on this area of teaching so that my students will have a more holistic education.